001 /*
002 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
003 * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
004 * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
005 * The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
006 * (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
007 * the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at
008 *
009 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
010 *
011 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
012 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
013 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
014 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
015 * limitations under the License.
016 */
017
018 package org.apache.commons.math3.linear;
019
020 import java.io.Serializable;
021
022 import org.apache.commons.math3.Field;
023 import org.apache.commons.math3.FieldElement;
024 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NoDataException;
025 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.DimensionMismatchException;
026 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.MathIllegalStateException;
027 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NotStrictlyPositiveException;
028 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NullArgumentException;
029 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.NumberIsTooSmallException;
030 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.OutOfRangeException;
031 import org.apache.commons.math3.exception.util.LocalizedFormats;
032 import org.apache.commons.math3.util.MathUtils;
033
034 /**
035 * Implementation of FieldMatrix<T> using a {@link FieldElement}[][] array to store entries.
036 * <p>
037 * As specified in the {@link FieldMatrix} interface, matrix element indexing
038 * is 0-based -- e.g., <code>getEntry(0, 0)</code>
039 * returns the element in the first row, first column of the matrix.</li></ul>
040 * </p>
041 *
042 * @param <T> the type of the field elements
043 * @version $Id: Array2DRowFieldMatrix.java 1416643 2012-12-03 19:37:14Z tn $
044 */
045 public class Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T extends FieldElement<T>>
046 extends AbstractFieldMatrix<T>
047 implements Serializable {
048 /** Serializable version identifier */
049 private static final long serialVersionUID = 7260756672015356458L;
050 /** Entries of the matrix */
051 private T[][] data;
052
053 /**
054 * Creates a matrix with no data
055 * @param field field to which the elements belong
056 */
057 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final Field<T> field) {
058 super(field);
059 }
060
061 /**
062 * Create a new {@code FieldMatrix<T>} with the supplied row and column dimensions.
063 *
064 * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
065 * @param rowDimension Number of rows in the new matrix.
066 * @param columnDimension Number of columns in the new matrix.
067 * @throws NotStrictlyPositiveException if row or column dimension is not positive.
068 */
069 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final Field<T> field, final int rowDimension,
070 final int columnDimension)
071 throws NotStrictlyPositiveException {
072 super(field, rowDimension, columnDimension);
073 data = buildArray(field, rowDimension, columnDimension);
074 }
075
076 /**
077 * Create a new {@code FieldMatrix<T>} using the input array as the underlying
078 * data array.
079 * <p>The input array is copied, not referenced. This constructor has
080 * the same effect as calling {@link #Array2DRowFieldMatrix(FieldElement[][], boolean)}
081 * with the second argument set to {@code true}.</p>
082 *
083 * @param d Data for the new matrix.
084 * @throws DimensionMismatchException if {@code d} is not rectangular.
085 * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code d} is {@code null}.
086 * @throws NoDataException if there are not at least one row and one column.
087 * @see #Array2DRowFieldMatrix(FieldElement[][], boolean)
088 */
089 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final T[][] d)
090 throws DimensionMismatchException, NullArgumentException,
091 NoDataException {
092 this(extractField(d), d);
093 }
094
095 /**
096 * Create a new {@code FieldMatrix<T>} using the input array as the underlying
097 * data array.
098 * <p>The input array is copied, not referenced. This constructor has
099 * the same effect as calling {@link #Array2DRowFieldMatrix(FieldElement[][], boolean)}
100 * with the second argument set to {@code true}.</p>
101 *
102 * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
103 * @param d Data for the new matrix.
104 * @throws DimensionMismatchException if {@code d} is not rectangular.
105 * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code d} is {@code null}.
106 * @throws NoDataException if there are not at least one row and one column.
107 * @see #Array2DRowFieldMatrix(FieldElement[][], boolean)
108 */
109 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final Field<T> field, final T[][] d)
110 throws DimensionMismatchException, NullArgumentException,
111 NoDataException {
112 super(field);
113 copyIn(d);
114 }
115
116 /**
117 * Create a new {@code FieldMatrix<T>} using the input array as the underlying
118 * data array.
119 * <p>If an array is built specially in order to be embedded in a
120 * {@code FieldMatrix<T>} and not used directly, the {@code copyArray} may be
121 * set to {@code false}. This will prevent the copying and improve
122 * performance as no new array will be built and no data will be copied.</p>
123 *
124 * @param d Data for the new matrix.
125 * @param copyArray Whether to copy or reference the input array.
126 * @throws DimensionMismatchException if {@code d} is not rectangular.
127 * @throws NoDataException if there are not at least one row and one column.
128 * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code d} is {@code null}.
129 * @see #Array2DRowFieldMatrix(FieldElement[][])
130 */
131 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final T[][] d, final boolean copyArray)
132 throws DimensionMismatchException, NoDataException,
133 NullArgumentException {
134 this(extractField(d), d, copyArray);
135 }
136
137 /**
138 * Create a new {@code FieldMatrix<T>} using the input array as the underlying
139 * data array.
140 * <p>If an array is built specially in order to be embedded in a
141 * {@code FieldMatrix<T>} and not used directly, the {@code copyArray} may be
142 * set to {@code false}. This will prevent the copying and improve
143 * performance as no new array will be built and no data will be copied.</p>
144 *
145 * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
146 * @param d Data for the new matrix.
147 * @param copyArray Whether to copy or reference the input array.
148 * @throws DimensionMismatchException if {@code d} is not rectangular.
149 * @throws NoDataException if there are not at least one row and one column.
150 * @throws NullArgumentException if {@code d} is {@code null}.
151 * @see #Array2DRowFieldMatrix(FieldElement[][])
152 */
153 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final Field<T> field, final T[][] d, final boolean copyArray)
154 throws DimensionMismatchException, NoDataException, NullArgumentException {
155 super(field);
156 if (copyArray) {
157 copyIn(d);
158 } else {
159 MathUtils.checkNotNull(d);
160 final int nRows = d.length;
161 if (nRows == 0) {
162 throw new NoDataException(LocalizedFormats.AT_LEAST_ONE_ROW);
163 }
164 final int nCols = d[0].length;
165 if (nCols == 0) {
166 throw new NoDataException(LocalizedFormats.AT_LEAST_ONE_COLUMN);
167 }
168 for (int r = 1; r < nRows; r++) {
169 if (d[r].length != nCols) {
170 throw new DimensionMismatchException(nCols, d[r].length);
171 }
172 }
173 data = d;
174 }
175 }
176
177 /**
178 * Create a new (column) {@code FieldMatrix<T>} using {@code v} as the
179 * data for the unique column of the created matrix.
180 * The input array is copied.
181 *
182 * @param v Column vector holding data for new matrix.
183 * @throws NoDataException if v is empty
184 */
185 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final T[] v) throws NoDataException {
186 this(extractField(v), v);
187 }
188
189 /**
190 * Create a new (column) {@code FieldMatrix<T>} using {@code v} as the
191 * data for the unique column of the created matrix.
192 * The input array is copied.
193 *
194 * @param field Field to which the elements belong.
195 * @param v Column vector holding data for new matrix.
196 */
197 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix(final Field<T> field, final T[] v) {
198 super(field);
199 final int nRows = v.length;
200 data = buildArray(getField(), nRows, 1);
201 for (int row = 0; row < nRows; row++) {
202 data[row][0] = v[row];
203 }
204 }
205
206 /** {@inheritDoc} */
207 @Override
208 public FieldMatrix<T> createMatrix(final int rowDimension,
209 final int columnDimension)
210 throws NotStrictlyPositiveException {
211 return new Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T>(getField(), rowDimension, columnDimension);
212 }
213
214 /** {@inheritDoc} */
215 @Override
216 public FieldMatrix<T> copy() {
217 return new Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T>(getField(), copyOut(), false);
218 }
219
220 /**
221 * Add {@code m} to this matrix.
222 *
223 * @param m Matrix to be added.
224 * @return {@code this} + m.
225 * @throws MatrixDimensionMismatchException if {@code m} is not the same
226 * size as this matrix.
227 */
228 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T> add(final Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T> m)
229 throws MatrixDimensionMismatchException {
230 // safety check
231 checkAdditionCompatible(m);
232
233 final int rowCount = getRowDimension();
234 final int columnCount = getColumnDimension();
235 final T[][] outData = buildArray(getField(), rowCount, columnCount);
236 for (int row = 0; row < rowCount; row++) {
237 final T[] dataRow = data[row];
238 final T[] mRow = m.data[row];
239 final T[] outDataRow = outData[row];
240 for (int col = 0; col < columnCount; col++) {
241 outDataRow[col] = dataRow[col].add(mRow[col]);
242 }
243 }
244
245 return new Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T>(getField(), outData, false);
246 }
247
248 /**
249 * Subtract {@code m} from this matrix.
250 *
251 * @param m Matrix to be subtracted.
252 * @return {@code this} + m.
253 * @throws MatrixDimensionMismatchException if {@code m} is not the same
254 * size as this matrix.
255 */
256 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T> subtract(final Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T> m)
257 throws MatrixDimensionMismatchException {
258 // safety check
259 checkSubtractionCompatible(m);
260
261 final int rowCount = getRowDimension();
262 final int columnCount = getColumnDimension();
263 final T[][] outData = buildArray(getField(), rowCount, columnCount);
264 for (int row = 0; row < rowCount; row++) {
265 final T[] dataRow = data[row];
266 final T[] mRow = m.data[row];
267 final T[] outDataRow = outData[row];
268 for (int col = 0; col < columnCount; col++) {
269 outDataRow[col] = dataRow[col].subtract(mRow[col]);
270 }
271 }
272
273 return new Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T>(getField(), outData, false);
274
275 }
276
277 /**
278 * Postmultiplying this matrix by {@code m}.
279 *
280 * @param m Matrix to postmultiply by.
281 * @return {@code this} * m.
282 * @throws DimensionMismatchException if the number of columns of this
283 * matrix is not equal to the number of rows of {@code m}.
284 */
285 public Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T> multiply(final Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T> m)
286 throws DimensionMismatchException {
287 // safety check
288 checkMultiplicationCompatible(m);
289
290 final int nRows = this.getRowDimension();
291 final int nCols = m.getColumnDimension();
292 final int nSum = this.getColumnDimension();
293 final T[][] outData = buildArray(getField(), nRows, nCols);
294 for (int row = 0; row < nRows; row++) {
295 final T[] dataRow = data[row];
296 final T[] outDataRow = outData[row];
297 for (int col = 0; col < nCols; col++) {
298 T sum = getField().getZero();
299 for (int i = 0; i < nSum; i++) {
300 sum = sum.add(dataRow[i].multiply(m.data[i][col]));
301 }
302 outDataRow[col] = sum;
303 }
304 }
305
306 return new Array2DRowFieldMatrix<T>(getField(), outData, false);
307
308 }
309
310 /** {@inheritDoc} */
311 @Override
312 public T[][] getData() {
313 return copyOut();
314 }
315
316 /**
317 * Get a reference to the underlying data array.
318 * This methods returns internal data, <strong>not</strong> fresh copy of it.
319 *
320 * @return the 2-dimensional array of entries.
321 */
322 public T[][] getDataRef() {
323 return data;
324 }
325
326 /** {@inheritDoc} */
327 @Override
328 public void setSubMatrix(final T[][] subMatrix, final int row,
329 final int column)
330 throws OutOfRangeException, NullArgumentException, NoDataException,
331 DimensionMismatchException {
332 if (data == null) {
333 if (row > 0) {
334 throw new MathIllegalStateException(LocalizedFormats.FIRST_ROWS_NOT_INITIALIZED_YET, row);
335 }
336 if (column > 0) {
337 throw new MathIllegalStateException(LocalizedFormats.FIRST_COLUMNS_NOT_INITIALIZED_YET, column);
338 }
339 final int nRows = subMatrix.length;
340 if (nRows == 0) {
341 throw new NoDataException(LocalizedFormats.AT_LEAST_ONE_ROW);
342 }
343
344 final int nCols = subMatrix[0].length;
345 if (nCols == 0) {
346 throw new NoDataException(LocalizedFormats.AT_LEAST_ONE_COLUMN);
347 }
348 data = buildArray(getField(), subMatrix.length, nCols);
349 for (int i = 0; i < data.length; ++i) {
350 if (subMatrix[i].length != nCols) {
351 throw new DimensionMismatchException(nCols, subMatrix[i].length);
352 }
353 System.arraycopy(subMatrix[i], 0, data[i + row], column, nCols);
354 }
355 } else {
356 super.setSubMatrix(subMatrix, row, column);
357 }
358
359 }
360
361 /** {@inheritDoc} */
362 @Override
363 public T getEntry(final int row, final int column)
364 throws OutOfRangeException {
365 checkRowIndex(row);
366 checkColumnIndex(column);
367
368 return data[row][column];
369 }
370
371 /** {@inheritDoc} */
372 @Override
373 public void setEntry(final int row, final int column, final T value)
374 throws OutOfRangeException {
375 checkRowIndex(row);
376 checkColumnIndex(column);
377
378 data[row][column] = value;
379 }
380
381 /** {@inheritDoc} */
382 @Override
383 public void addToEntry(final int row, final int column, final T increment)
384 throws OutOfRangeException {
385 checkRowIndex(row);
386 checkColumnIndex(column);
387
388 data[row][column] = data[row][column].add(increment);
389 }
390
391 /** {@inheritDoc} */
392 @Override
393 public void multiplyEntry(final int row, final int column, final T factor)
394 throws OutOfRangeException {
395 checkRowIndex(row);
396 checkColumnIndex(column);
397
398 data[row][column] = data[row][column].multiply(factor);
399 }
400
401 /** {@inheritDoc} */
402 @Override
403 public int getRowDimension() {
404 return (data == null) ? 0 : data.length;
405 }
406
407 /** {@inheritDoc} */
408 @Override
409 public int getColumnDimension() {
410 return ((data == null) || (data[0] == null)) ? 0 : data[0].length;
411 }
412
413 /** {@inheritDoc} */
414 @Override
415 public T[] operate(final T[] v) throws DimensionMismatchException {
416 final int nRows = this.getRowDimension();
417 final int nCols = this.getColumnDimension();
418 if (v.length != nCols) {
419 throw new DimensionMismatchException(v.length, nCols);
420 }
421 final T[] out = buildArray(getField(), nRows);
422 for (int row = 0; row < nRows; row++) {
423 final T[] dataRow = data[row];
424 T sum = getField().getZero();
425 for (int i = 0; i < nCols; i++) {
426 sum = sum.add(dataRow[i].multiply(v[i]));
427 }
428 out[row] = sum;
429 }
430 return out;
431 }
432
433 /** {@inheritDoc} */
434 @Override
435 public T[] preMultiply(final T[] v) throws DimensionMismatchException {
436 final int nRows = getRowDimension();
437 final int nCols = getColumnDimension();
438 if (v.length != nRows) {
439 throw new DimensionMismatchException(v.length, nRows);
440 }
441
442 final T[] out = buildArray(getField(), nCols);
443 for (int col = 0; col < nCols; ++col) {
444 T sum = getField().getZero();
445 for (int i = 0; i < nRows; ++i) {
446 sum = sum.add(data[i][col].multiply(v[i]));
447 }
448 out[col] = sum;
449 }
450
451 return out;
452 }
453
454 /** {@inheritDoc} */
455 @Override
456 public T walkInRowOrder(final FieldMatrixChangingVisitor<T> visitor) {
457 final int rows = getRowDimension();
458 final int columns = getColumnDimension();
459 visitor.start(rows, columns, 0, rows - 1, 0, columns - 1);
460 for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
461 final T[] rowI = data[i];
462 for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
463 rowI[j] = visitor.visit(i, j, rowI[j]);
464 }
465 }
466 return visitor.end();
467 }
468
469 /** {@inheritDoc} */
470 @Override
471 public T walkInRowOrder(final FieldMatrixPreservingVisitor<T> visitor) {
472 final int rows = getRowDimension();
473 final int columns = getColumnDimension();
474 visitor.start(rows, columns, 0, rows - 1, 0, columns - 1);
475 for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
476 final T[] rowI = data[i];
477 for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
478 visitor.visit(i, j, rowI[j]);
479 }
480 }
481 return visitor.end();
482 }
483
484 /** {@inheritDoc} */
485 @Override
486 public T walkInRowOrder(final FieldMatrixChangingVisitor<T> visitor,
487 final int startRow, final int endRow,
488 final int startColumn, final int endColumn)
489 throws OutOfRangeException, NumberIsTooSmallException {
490 checkSubMatrixIndex(startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
491 visitor.start(getRowDimension(), getColumnDimension(),
492 startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
493 for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; ++i) {
494 final T[] rowI = data[i];
495 for (int j = startColumn; j <= endColumn; ++j) {
496 rowI[j] = visitor.visit(i, j, rowI[j]);
497 }
498 }
499 return visitor.end();
500 }
501
502 /** {@inheritDoc} */
503 @Override
504 public T walkInRowOrder(final FieldMatrixPreservingVisitor<T> visitor,
505 final int startRow, final int endRow,
506 final int startColumn, final int endColumn)
507 throws OutOfRangeException, NumberIsTooSmallException {
508 checkSubMatrixIndex(startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
509 visitor.start(getRowDimension(), getColumnDimension(),
510 startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
511 for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; ++i) {
512 final T[] rowI = data[i];
513 for (int j = startColumn; j <= endColumn; ++j) {
514 visitor.visit(i, j, rowI[j]);
515 }
516 }
517 return visitor.end();
518 }
519
520 /** {@inheritDoc} */
521 @Override
522 public T walkInColumnOrder(final FieldMatrixChangingVisitor<T> visitor) {
523 final int rows = getRowDimension();
524 final int columns = getColumnDimension();
525 visitor.start(rows, columns, 0, rows - 1, 0, columns - 1);
526 for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
527 for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
528 final T[] rowI = data[i];
529 rowI[j] = visitor.visit(i, j, rowI[j]);
530 }
531 }
532 return visitor.end();
533 }
534
535 /** {@inheritDoc} */
536 @Override
537 public T walkInColumnOrder(final FieldMatrixPreservingVisitor<T> visitor) {
538 final int rows = getRowDimension();
539 final int columns = getColumnDimension();
540 visitor.start(rows, columns, 0, rows - 1, 0, columns - 1);
541 for (int j = 0; j < columns; ++j) {
542 for (int i = 0; i < rows; ++i) {
543 visitor.visit(i, j, data[i][j]);
544 }
545 }
546 return visitor.end();
547 }
548
549 /** {@inheritDoc} */
550 @Override
551 public T walkInColumnOrder(final FieldMatrixChangingVisitor<T> visitor,
552 final int startRow, final int endRow,
553 final int startColumn, final int endColumn)
554 throws OutOfRangeException, NumberIsTooSmallException {
555 checkSubMatrixIndex(startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
556 visitor.start(getRowDimension(), getColumnDimension(),
557 startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
558 for (int j = startColumn; j <= endColumn; ++j) {
559 for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; ++i) {
560 final T[] rowI = data[i];
561 rowI[j] = visitor.visit(i, j, rowI[j]);
562 }
563 }
564 return visitor.end();
565 }
566
567 /** {@inheritDoc} */
568 @Override
569 public T walkInColumnOrder(final FieldMatrixPreservingVisitor<T> visitor,
570 final int startRow, final int endRow,
571 final int startColumn, final int endColumn)
572 throws OutOfRangeException, NumberIsTooSmallException {
573 checkSubMatrixIndex(startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
574 visitor.start(getRowDimension(), getColumnDimension(),
575 startRow, endRow, startColumn, endColumn);
576 for (int j = startColumn; j <= endColumn; ++j) {
577 for (int i = startRow; i <= endRow; ++i) {
578 visitor.visit(i, j, data[i][j]);
579 }
580 }
581 return visitor.end();
582 }
583
584 /**
585 * Get a fresh copy of the underlying data array.
586 *
587 * @return a copy of the underlying data array.
588 */
589 private T[][] copyOut() {
590 final int nRows = this.getRowDimension();
591 final T[][] out = buildArray(getField(), nRows, getColumnDimension());
592 // can't copy 2-d array in one shot, otherwise get row references
593 for (int i = 0; i < nRows; i++) {
594 System.arraycopy(data[i], 0, out[i], 0, data[i].length);
595 }
596 return out;
597 }
598
599 /**
600 * Replace data with a fresh copy of the input array.
601 *
602 * @param in Data to copy.
603 * @throws NoDataException if the input array is empty.
604 * @throws DimensionMismatchException if the input array is not rectangular.
605 * @throws NullArgumentException if the input array is {@code null}.
606 */
607 private void copyIn(final T[][] in)
608 throws NullArgumentException, NoDataException,
609 DimensionMismatchException {
610 setSubMatrix(in, 0, 0);
611 }
612 }