java.lang.Object
- de.gsi.math.matrix.AbstractMatrix
- - de.gsi.math.matrix.MatrixD

All Implemented Interfaces:

Matrix, java.io.Serializable, java.lang.Cloneable
```
public class MatrixD
extends AbstractMatrix
```
Jama = Java Matrix class.
The Java Matrix Class provides the fundamental operations of numerical linear algebra. Various constructors create Matrices from two dimensional arrays of double precision floating point numbers. Various "gets" and "sets" provide access to sub-matrices and matrix elements. Several methods implement basic matrix arithmetic, including matrix addition and multiplication, matrix norms, and element-by-element array operations. Methods for reading and printing matrices are also included. All the operations in this version of the Matrix Class involve real matrices. Complex matrices may be handled in a future version.
Five fundamental matrix decompositions, which consist of pairs or triples of matrices, permutation vectors, and the like, produce results in five decomposition classes. These decompositions are accessed by the Matrix class to compute solutions of simultaneous linear equations, determinants, inverses and other matrix functions. The five decompositions are:
- Cholesky Decomposition of symmetric, positive definite matrices.
- LU Decomposition of rectangular matrices.
- QR Decomposition of rectangular matrices.
- Singular Value Decomposition of rectangular matrices.
- Eigenvalue Decomposition of both symmetric and nonsymmetric square matrices.
Example of use:
Solve a linear system A x = b and compute the residual norm, ||b - A x||.
```
 
 double[][] vals = { { 1., 2., 3 }, { 4., 5., 6. }, { 7., 8., 10. } };
 Matrix A = new Matrix(vals);
 Matrix b = Matrix.random(3, 1);
 Matrix x = A.solve(b);
 Matrix r = A.times(x).minus(b);
 double rnorm = r.normInf();
 
```
Version:

5 August 1998

Author:

The MathWorks, Inc. and the National Institute of Standards and Technology.

See Also:

Serialized Form

Field Summary
- Fields inherited from class de.gsi.math.matrix.AbstractMatrix
  m, n

Constructor Summary

Constructors
Constructor	Description
`MatrixD(double[][] A)`	Construct a matrix from a 2-D array.
`MatrixD(double[][] A, int m, int n)`	Construct a matrix quickly without checking arguments.
`MatrixD(double[] vals, int m)`	Construct a matrix from a one-dimensional packed array
`MatrixD(double[] vals, int m, boolean rowMajor)`	Construct a matrix from a one-dimensional packed array
`MatrixD(int m, int n)`	Construct an m-by-n matrix of zeros.
`MatrixD(int m, int n, double s)`	Construct an m-by-n constant matrix.

Method Summary

All Methods Static Methods Instance Methods Concrete Methods
Modifier and Type	Method	Description
`void`	`apply1DFunction(Function1D func)`	apply user specified function to each matrix element
`MatrixD`	`arrayLeftDivide(MatrixD B)`	Element-by-element left division, C = A.\B
`MatrixD`	`arrayLeftDivideEquals(MatrixD B)`	Element-by-element left division in place, A = A.\B
`MatrixD`	`arrayRightDivide(MatrixD B)`	Element-by-element right division, C = A./B
`MatrixD`	`arrayRightDivideEquals(MatrixD B)`	Element-by-element right division in place, A = A./B
`MatrixD`	`arrayTimes(MatrixD B)`	Element-by-element multiplication, C = A.*B
`MatrixD`	`arrayTimesEquals(MatrixD B)`	Element-by-element multiplication in place, A = A.*B
`CholeskyDecomposition`	`chol()`	Cholesky Decomposition
`java.lang.Object`	`clone()`	Clone the Matrix object.
`double`	`cond()`	Matrix condition (2 norm)
`MatrixD`	`copy()`	Make a deep copy of a matrix
`double`	`det()`	Matrix determinant
`EigenvalueDecomposition`	`eig()`	Eigenvalue Decomposition
`double`	`get(int i, int j)`	Get a single element.
`double[][]`	`getArray()`	Access the internal two-dimensional array.
`double[][]`	`getArrayCopy()`	Copy the internal two-dimensional array.
`double[]`	`getColumnPackedCopy()`	Make a one-dimensional column packed copy of the internal array.
`MatrixD`	`getMatrix(int[] r, int[] c)`	Get a sub-matrix.
`MatrixD`	`getMatrix(int[] r, int j0, int j1)`	Get a sub-matrix.
`MatrixD`	`getMatrix(int i0, int i1, int[] c)`	Get a sub-matrix.
`MatrixD`	`getMatrix(int i0, int i1, int j0, int j1)`	Get a sub-matrix.
`double[]`	`getRowPackedCopy()`	Make a one-dimensional row Major copy of the internal array.
`MatrixD`	`inverse()`	Matrix inverse or pseudo-inverse
`LUDecomposition`	`lu()`	LU Decomposition
`MatrixD`	`minus(MatrixD B)`	C = A - B
`MatrixD`	`minusEquals(MatrixD B)`	A = A - B
`MatrixD`	`plus(MatrixD B)`	C = A + B
`MatrixD`	`plusEquals(MatrixD B)`	A = A + B
`void`	`print(int w, int d)`	Print the matrix to stdout.
`void`	`print(java.io.PrintWriter output, int w, int d)`	Print the matrix to the output stream.
`void`	`print(java.io.PrintWriter output, java.text.NumberFormat format, int width)`	Print the matrix to the output stream.
`void`	`print(java.text.NumberFormat format, int width)`	Print the matrix to stdout.
`MatrixD`	`pseudoInverse(double condition)`	Matrix inversion using the SVD pseudo inverse
`QRDecomposition`	`qr()`	QR Decomposition
`int`	`rank()`	Matrix rank
`static MatrixD`	`read(java.io.BufferedReader input)`	Read a matrix from a stream.
`void`	`set(int i, int j, double s)`	Set a single element.
`void`	`setMatrix(int[] r, int[] c, MatrixD X)`	Set a submatrix.
`void`	`setMatrix(int[] r, int j0, int j1, MatrixD X)`	Set a submatrix.
`void`	`setMatrix(int i0, int i1, int[] c, MatrixD X)`	Set a submatrix.
`void`	`setMatrix(int i0, int i1, int j0, int j1, MatrixD X)`	Set a submatrix.
`MatrixD`	`solve(MatrixD B)`	Solve A*X = B
`MatrixD`	`solveTranspose(MatrixD B)`	Solve XA = B, which is also A'X' = B'
`void`	`squareElements()`	Square individual matrix elements
`SingularValueDecomposition`	`svd()`	Singular Value Decomposition
`MatrixD`	`times(double s)`	Multiply a matrix by a scalar, C = s*A
`MatrixD`	`times(MatrixD B)`	Linear algebraic matrix multiplication, A * B
`MatrixD`	`timesEquals(double s)`	Multiply a matrix by a scalar in place, A = s*A
`double`	`trace()`	Matrix trace.
`MatrixD`	`transpose()`	Matrix transpose.
`MatrixD`	`uminus()`	Unary minus

Methods inherited from class de.gsi.math.matrix.AbstractMatrix
checkMatrixDimensions, getColumnDimension, getRowDimension, norm1, norm2, normF, normInf

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object
equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

- Constructor Detail
  - MatrixD
```
public MatrixD(double[] vals,
               int m)
```
    Construct a matrix from a one-dimensional packed array
    
    Parameters:
    
    vals - One-dimensional array of doubles
    
    m - Number of rows.
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Array length must be a multiple of m.
  - MatrixD
```
public MatrixD(double[] vals,
               int m,
               boolean rowMajor)
```
    Construct a matrix from a one-dimensional packed array
    
    Parameters:
    
    vals - One-dimensional array of doubles
    
    m - Number of rows.
    
    rowMajor - true: data is stored row-wise (C/C++), false: data is stored column-wise (Fortran)
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Array length must be a multiple of m.
  - MatrixD
```
public MatrixD(double[][] A)
```
    Construct a matrix from a 2-D array.
    
    Parameters:
    
    A - Two-dimensional array of doubles.
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - All rows must have the same length
  - MatrixD
```
public MatrixD(double[][] A,
               int m,
               int n)
```
    Construct a matrix quickly without checking arguments.
    
    Parameters:
    
    A - Two-dimensional array of doubles.
    
    m - Number of rows.
    
    n - Number of columns.
  - MatrixD
```
public MatrixD(int m,
               int n)
```
    Construct an m-by-n matrix of zeros.
    
    Parameters:
    
    m - Number of rows.
    
    n - Number of columns.
  - MatrixD
```
public MatrixD(int m,
               int n,
               double s)
```
    Construct an m-by-n constant matrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    m - Number of rows.
    
    n - Number of columns.
    
    s - Fill the matrix with this scalar value.
- Method Detail
  - apply1DFunction
```
public void apply1DFunction(Function1D func)
```
    apply user specified function to each matrix element
    
    Parameters:
    
    func - user-supplied function
  - arrayLeftDivide
```
public MatrixD arrayLeftDivide(MatrixD B)
```
    Element-by-element left division, C = A.\B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A.\B
  - arrayLeftDivideEquals
```
public MatrixD arrayLeftDivideEquals(MatrixD B)
```
    Element-by-element left division in place, A = A.\B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A.\B
  - arrayRightDivide
```
public MatrixD arrayRightDivide(MatrixD B)
```
    Element-by-element right division, C = A./B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A./B
  - arrayRightDivideEquals
```
public MatrixD arrayRightDivideEquals(MatrixD B)
```
    Element-by-element right division in place, A = A./B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A./B
  - arrayTimes
```
public MatrixD arrayTimes(MatrixD B)
```
    Element-by-element multiplication, C = A.*B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A.*B
  - arrayTimesEquals
```
public MatrixD arrayTimesEquals(MatrixD B)
```
    Element-by-element multiplication in place, A = A.*B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A.*B
  - chol
```
public CholeskyDecomposition chol()
```
    Cholesky Decomposition
    
    Returns:
    
    CholeskyDecomposition
    
    See Also:
    
    CholeskyDecomposition
  - clone
```
public java.lang.Object clone()
```
    Clone the Matrix object.
    
    Overrides:
    
    clone in class java.lang.Object
  - cond
```
public double cond()
```
    Matrix condition (2 norm)
    
    Returns:
    
    ratio of largest to smallest singular value.
  - copy
```
public MatrixD copy()
```
    Make a deep copy of a matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    copy of matrix
  - det
```
public double det()
```
    Matrix determinant
    
    Returns:
    
    determinant
  - eig
```
public EigenvalueDecomposition eig()
```
    Eigenvalue Decomposition
    
    Returns:
    
    EigenvalueDecomposition
    
    See Also:
    
    EigenvalueDecomposition
  - get
```
public double get(int i,
                  int j)
```
    Get a single element.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - Row index.
    
    j - Column index
    
    Returns:
    
    A(i,j)
  - getArray
```
public double[][] getArray()
```
    Access the internal two-dimensional array.
    
    Returns:
    
    Pointer to the two-dimensional array of matrix elements.
  - getArrayCopy
```
public double[][] getArrayCopy()
```
    Copy the internal two-dimensional array.
    
    Returns:
    
    Two-dimensional array copy of matrix elements.
  - getColumnPackedCopy
```
public double[] getColumnPackedCopy()
```
    Make a one-dimensional column packed copy of the internal array.
    
    Returns:
    
    Matrix elements packed in a one-dimensional array by columns.
  - getMatrix
```
public MatrixD getMatrix(int i0,
                         int i1,
                         int j0,
                         int j1)
```
    Get a sub-matrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i0 - Initial row index
    
    i1 - Final row index
    
    j0 - Initial column index
    
    j1 - Final column index
    
    Returns:
    
    A(i0:i1,j0:j1)
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - sub-matrix indices
  - getMatrix
```
public MatrixD getMatrix(int i0,
                         int i1,
                         int[] c)
```
    Get a sub-matrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i0 - Initial row index
    
    i1 - Final row index
    
    c - Array of column indices.
    
    Returns:
    
    A(i0:i1,c(:))
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - getMatrix
```
public MatrixD getMatrix(int[] r,
                         int j0,
                         int j1)
```
    Get a sub-matrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    r - Array of row indices.
    
    j0 - Initial column index
    
    j1 - Final column index
    
    Returns:
    
    A(r(:),j0:j1)
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - getMatrix
```
public MatrixD getMatrix(int[] r,
                         int[] c)
```
    Get a sub-matrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    r - Array of row indices.
    
    c - Array of column indices.
    
    Returns:
    
    A(r(:),c(:))
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - getRowPackedCopy
```
public double[] getRowPackedCopy()
```
    Make a one-dimensional row Major copy of the internal array.
    
    Returns:
    
    Matrix elements packed in a one-dimensional array by rows.
  - inverse
```
public MatrixD inverse()
```
    Matrix inverse or pseudo-inverse
    
    Returns:
    
    inverse(A) if A is square, pseudo-inverse otherwise.
  - lu
```
public LUDecomposition lu()
```
    LU Decomposition
    
    Returns:
    
    LUDecomposition
    
    See Also:
    
    LUDecomposition
  - minus
```
public MatrixD minus(MatrixD B)
```
    C = A - B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A - B
  - minusEquals
```
public MatrixD minusEquals(MatrixD B)
```
    A = A - B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A - B
  - plus
```
public MatrixD plus(MatrixD B)
```
    C = A + B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A + B
  - plusEquals
```
public MatrixD plusEquals(MatrixD B)
```
    A = A + B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    A + B
  - print
```
public void print(int w,
                  int d)
```
    Print the matrix to stdout. Line the elements up in columns with a Fortran-like 'Fw.d' style format.
    
    Parameters:
    
    w - Column width.
    
    d - Number of digits after the decimal.
  - print
```
public void print(java.text.NumberFormat format,
                  int width)
```
    Print the matrix to stdout. Line the elements up in columns. Use the format object, and right justify within columns of width characters. Note that is the matrix is to be read back in, you probably will want to use a NumberFormat that is set to US Locale.
    
    Parameters:
    
    format - A Formatting object for individual elements.
    
    width - Field width for each column.
    
    See Also:
    
    DecimalFormat.setDecimalFormatSymbols(java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols)
  - print
```
public void print(java.io.PrintWriter output,
                  int w,
                  int d)
```
    Print the matrix to the output stream. Line the elements up in columns with a Fortran-like 'Fw.d' style format.
    
    Parameters:
    
    output - Output stream.
    
    w - Column width.
    
    d - Number of digits after the decimal.
  - print
```
public void print(java.io.PrintWriter output,
                  java.text.NumberFormat format,
                  int width)
```
    Print the matrix to the output stream. Line the elements up in columns. Use the format object, and right justify within columns of width characters. Note that is the matrix is to be read back in, you probably will want to use a NumberFormat that is set to US Locale.
    
    Parameters:
    
    output - the output stream.
    
    format - A formatting object to format the matrix elements
    
    width - Column width.
    
    See Also:
    
    DecimalFormat.setDecimalFormatSymbols(java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols)
  - pseudoInverse
```
public MatrixD pseudoInverse(double condition)
```
    Matrix inversion using the SVD pseudo inverse
    
    Parameters:
    
    condition - condition number
    
    Returns:
    
    inverse matrix
  - qr
```
public QRDecomposition qr()
```
    QR Decomposition
    
    Returns:
    
    QRDecomposition
    
    See Also:
    
    QRDecomposition
  - rank
```
public int rank()
```
    Matrix rank
    
    Returns:
    
    effective numerical rank, obtained from SVD.
  - set
```
public void set(int i,
                int j,
                double s)
```
    Set a single element.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i - Row index.
    
    j - Column index.
    
    s - A(i,j).
  - setMatrix
```
public void setMatrix(int i0,
                      int i1,
                      int j0,
                      int j1,
                      MatrixD X)
```
    Set a submatrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i0 - Initial row index
    
    i1 - Final row index
    
    j0 - Initial column index
    
    j1 - Final column index
    
    X - A(i0:i1,j0:j1)
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - setMatrix
```
public void setMatrix(int i0,
                      int i1,
                      int[] c,
                      MatrixD X)
```
    Set a submatrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    i0 - Initial row index
    
    i1 - Final row index
    
    c - Array of column indices.
    
    X - A(i0:i1,c(:))
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - setMatrix
```
public void setMatrix(int[] r,
                      int j0,
                      int j1,
                      MatrixD X)
```
    Set a submatrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    r - Array of row indices.
    
    j0 - Initial column index
    
    j1 - Final column index
    
    X - A(r(:),j0:j1)
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - setMatrix
```
public void setMatrix(int[] r,
                      int[] c,
                      MatrixD X)
```
    Set a submatrix.
    
    Parameters:
    
    r - Array of row indices.
    
    c - Array of column indices.
    
    X - A(r(:),c(:))
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException - Submatrix indices
  - solve
```
public MatrixD solve(MatrixD B)
```
    Solve A*X = B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - right hand side
    
    Returns:
    
    solution if A is square, least squares solution otherwise
  - solveTranspose
```
public MatrixD solveTranspose(MatrixD B)
```
    Solve X*A = B, which is also A'*X' = B'
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - right hand side
    
    Returns:
    
    solution if A is square, least squares solution otherwise.
  - squareElements
```
public void squareElements()
```
    Square individual matrix elements
  - svd
```
public SingularValueDecomposition svd()
```
    Singular Value Decomposition
    
    Returns:
    
    SingularValueDecomposition
    
    See Also:
    
    SingularValueDecomposition
  - times
```
public MatrixD times(double s)
```
    Multiply a matrix by a scalar, C = s*A
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - scalar
    
    Returns:
    
    s*A
  - times
```
public MatrixD times(MatrixD B)
```
    Linear algebraic matrix multiplication, A * B
    
    Parameters:
    
    B - another matrix
    
    Returns:
    
    Matrix product, A * B
    
    Throws:
    
    java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Matrix inner dimensions must agree.
  - timesEquals
```
public MatrixD timesEquals(double s)
```
    Multiply a matrix by a scalar in place, A = s*A
    
    Parameters:
    
    s - scalar
    
    Returns:
    
    replace A by s*A
  - trace
```
public double trace()
```
    Matrix trace.
    
    Returns:
    
    sum of the diagonal elements.
  - transpose
```
public MatrixD transpose()
```
    Matrix transpose.
    
    Returns:
    
    A^{T}
  - uminus
```
public MatrixD uminus()
```
    Unary minus
    
    Returns:
    
    -A
  - read
```
public static MatrixD read(java.io.BufferedReader input)
                    throws java.io.IOException
```
    Read a matrix from a stream. The format is the same the print method, so printed matrices can be read back in (provided they were printed using US Locale). Elements are separated by whitespace, all the elements for each row appear on a single line, the last row is followed by a blank line.
    
    Parameters:
    
    input - the input stream.
    
    Returns:
    
    matrix object that has been recovered from file
    
    Throws:
    
    java.io.IOException - in case of troubles ;-)

Class MatrixD

Field Summary

Fields inherited from class de.gsi.math.matrix.AbstractMatrix

Constructor Summary

Method Summary

Methods inherited from class de.gsi.math.matrix.AbstractMatrix

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

Constructor Detail

MatrixD

MatrixD

MatrixD

MatrixD

MatrixD

MatrixD

Method Detail

apply1DFunction

arrayLeftDivide

arrayLeftDivideEquals

arrayRightDivide

arrayRightDivideEquals

arrayTimes

arrayTimesEquals

chol

clone

cond

copy

det

eig

get

getArray

getArrayCopy

getColumnPackedCopy

getMatrix

getMatrix

getMatrix

getMatrix

getRowPackedCopy

inverse

lu

minus

minusEquals

plus

plusEquals

print

print

print

print

pseudoInverse

qr

rank

set

setMatrix

setMatrix

setMatrix

setMatrix

solve

solveTranspose

squareElements

svd

times

times

timesEquals

trace

transpose

uminus

read